Lesser Known Red Grapes & Wines

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​Agiorgitiko
Agiorgitiko  (Ah yor yee' ti ko)  is a fragrant red wine grape native to the Peloponnese peninsula of Greece. It is one of the country's most widely planted wine grapes. Agiorgitiko is the only variety permitted in the Nemea appellation and grows well that hot Mediterranean climate. It is a remarkably versatile grape, and is used to make everything from light rosé wines to rich, full-bodied red wines with dark fruit flavors and plush tannins. Barrel maturation in a range of local and imported woods is increasingly used in Greece. The best wines made from this grape are from higher-altitude vineyards of Nemea which allows full ripeness of flavor with enough acidity and structure to keep the wine balanced. At lower altitudes, and with less care taken, Agiorgitiko wines can be flabby and uninspiring, lacking in acidity and character. Agiorgitiko means "St George's Grape", and is probably named for a chapel near Nemea. Agiorgitiko is also called; Aghiorghitiko, Agiorgitieo, Mavro Nemeas, Mavroudi, Nemeas, Saint-George. Common food pairings for Agiorgitiko include; veal stew with onions (stifatho), green-peppercorn steak with rosemary butter and baked vegetables stuffed with lamb.

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​Alicante Bouscher
Alicante is a rare Teinturier red skinned grape variety a grape with red flesh. Its deep color makes it useful for blending with otherwise light red wines. Its intense red color was also useful for stretching the wine during prohibition, in the US, as it could be substantially diluted without detracting from the color. The grape was first cultivated in France in 1866 by Henri Bouschet as a cross of Petit Bouschet and Grenache. Widely planted across the Alentejo wine region in Portugal today, it is frequently expensive eclipsing noble varieties. These top-end wines are prized for their body, dense color and phenolic content. In Chile, the grape is blended with Cabernet Sauvignon and to make concentrated varietal wines. In California, the grape is still grown today in Napa and Sonoma counties. Other areas with notable Alicante Bouschet plantings include Algeria, Israel and parts of central and southern Italy.
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Argaman
Argaman is a red Israeli variety.. It is a cross between Souzoa, the Portuguese variety, and Carignan. The first Argaman wine was launched as recently as the early 1990s. It was a grape bred for color and blending, and was not considered very distinguished.

Arinarnoa
Arinarnoa is a French red wine grape variety, bred in 1956 in Bordeaux. DNA research has revealed it to be a crossing of the Pyrenean grape variety Tannat with Cabernet Sauvignon. It’s  wines made are naturally deep in color and firmly structured. Grown mainly in the south of France for the Vin de Pays/IGP designations of the Languedoc and Provence. It has spread as far as South America, where varietal examples are made in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. This grape was recently approved for plantings in Bordeaux.

 


Baga
Baga is a red grape variety grown in the central coast of Portugal,  especially the Bairrada DO in the Beiras, and neighboring Dão and Ribatejo appellations. It is also a permitted in the Douro where it is known as Tinta da Bairrada. Baga grapes have thick skins in proportion to the size of their small berries. It yields tannic, astringent wines with naturally high acidity levels. A dry, warm growing season is required to get Baga berries to full phenolic ripeness. Baga vines are high yielding, which makes them an attractive for bulk, or lower-quality wine production .  A large proportion of Portugal's Baga crop is used in Mateus Rosé, the popular medium-sweet rosé.

​Bittuni
Bittuni, a red grape indigenous to Judean Hills – Bethlehem, Israel.  It producers wines which are light color, have a low level of alcohol (12%) and a miniscule presence of tannins. It is a pleasant and easy to drink wine. ​But Bittuni, it was quite a find. It is reported to the lightness and freshness of a Gamay and the perfume reminiscent of a Pinot Noir or Grenache.

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​Blaufrankisch/Lemberger/Kékfrankos
Blaufrankisch (aka Lemberger (Germany) & Kékfrankos (Hungary) is a red wine grape grown widely in Austria, Hungary, and somewhat in Germany, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Croatia and in the United States, most notably in New York's Finger Lakes but also in various parts of Washington, California, Michigan, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Colorado. Blaufrankisch is the second most popular red-wine variety in Austria behind Zweigelt. It has an important role in Hungary's most famous red wine, Egri Bikaver, known as Bull's Blood.
Its wines which are typically intensely colored, medium-bodied reds with brooding, black-fruit flavors and a hint of peppery spice fruit-forward profile with aromas of spiced black cherries typically rich in tannin and may have a pronounced spicy character.
In Württemberg Germany the best classified wines are labeled "GG" for Grosses Gewächs the equivalent of French "Gran Cru".

​Bobal 
Bobal is a red dark-skinned wine grape variety native to southeast Spain. It is one of Spain's most planted grape varietal.  Bobal wines are dense and chewy with characters of chocolate and dried berries. Outside Spain, Bobal is grown in small amounts in the Languedoc Roussillon region of France and the Italian island of Sardinia, where it is known as Bovale or Nieddera. Its name is derived from the Latin word bovale meaning "bull" and refers to the resemblance the grape bunches have to a bull’s head. High levels of acidity in the grape make Bobal a versatile variety. it is used to make deeply colored rosé wines and has even been used to produce sparkling wine. 

Caladoc
Caladoc is a red French wine grape planted primarily in the southern wine regions such as the Languedoc. The grape is a crossing of Grenache and Malbec. It is officially not permitted in any AOC wines, several winemakers in southern France (most notably the Languedoc and Provence) have experimented with the variety in red vin de pays blends. Outside France there are limited plantings in Lebanon, Bulgaria, Russia, Uruguay, Portugal  and Israel. Caladoc grapes have high phenolic levels that produce wines with significant tannins levels and dark red colors. The grape can create aromas in wines, similar to the fruity and spicy aromas as its parents.

​Castelão/Periquita/João de Santarém
Castelão, aka Periquita, aka João de Santarém, is a red wine grape found primarily in the southern coastal regions but is grown all over Portugal. The name is derived from the Portuguese term for parakeet. It produces a wine that can be harshly tannic in its youth but softens as it ages. In the Algarve wine region, it is often blended with Negra Mole to produce a wine with less aging potential but less harsh in its youth. Castelão also is sometimes used in Port wine production.
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Castets
Castets grape is a French red wine grape variety which is very rare and exclusive in the world. This grape variety is a very minor grape variety found in the region of Pyreneen in France, but this grape was recently approved for plantings in Bordeaux.

Cesanese Comune
Cesanese is a red grape variety used to make red wine in Italy's Lazio wine region. The most notable source is Cesanese del Piglio a DOCG for red wine, sometimes referred to just as Piglio. The wines must be at least 90 percent Cesanese grapes with the remaining 10 percent any of the other permitted grapes of Lazio. This includes white varieties which can be used to enhance aroma and modify acidity. A Cesanese del Piglio Superiore must reach an alcohol level of 13 percent and be aged for 18 months before release. A Superiore Riserva must reach 14 percent. It must be matured for at least 20 months, of which six must be in bottle. The dry red wines are renowned for their spicy and unique aromatic nature, velvety elegance, concentration and ability to age. Wineries may also make dolce and abboccato versions.Cesanese del Piglio was granted full DOCG status, confirming its historic reputation as the "king of wines". It was named as such by Popes Innocenzo III and Bonifacio VIII in the Middle Ages.

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Chambourcin
Chambourcin is a red, French-American hybrid grape that is more readily available in the United States and Australia than in its homeland, France. It is one of the world's most popular hybrid varieties, and is noted for its distinctive dark coloring and herbaceous aroma.
The grape has only been available since 1963 but it has a good resistance to fungal disease

​Charbono/Bonarda/Deuce Noir
Charbono aka  Bonarda, aka Douce Noir (not the same grape as Bonarda from Italy) produces fruity, smooth red wines. It was originally from the Savoie region in eastern France. It was known as Corbeau de Savoie in its native France, and as Douce Noire (sweet black) in Savoie.  It is now planted in Napa Valley but is most important in Argentina (Bonarda), where it is second only to Malbec in size of plantings. The variety's wines are generally medium bodied with high acidity and berry fruit aromas with some smoky characteristics.  It is most notable for its high acidity accompanied by rich fruit complexity, structured tannins and some sweet notes of spice.
Argentinian Bonarda wines are usually made for early consumption while Californian Charbono wines can usually benefit from bottle aging. 
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​Counoise
Counoise is a dark-skinned red wine grape grown primarily in the Rhône Valley region of France. It is also grown in California and Washington State. It adds a brambly peppery note and extra acidity to a blended red wine, but does not have much depth of color or tannin. Counoise is one of the grapes permitted into the blend of Châteauneuf-du-Pape wine. But it is used sparingly with usually less than about 5% of it in their blends.
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Croatina/Bonarda
Croatina aka Bonarda is a red Italian wine grape variety that is grown primarily in the Oltrepò Pavese region of Lombardy and in the Province of Piacenza within Emilia Romagna, but also in parts of Piedmont and the Veneto. In the Oltrepò Pavese, in the hills of Piacenza, in Cisterna d’Asti and San Damiano d’Asti (Province of Asti), and in Roero this variety is called ‘Bonarda’. It should not, however be confused with the Bonarda piemontese, which is an unrelated grape. In the Piedmont region, it is sometimes blended with Nebbiolo in the wines of Gattinara and Ghemme. Croatina has characteristics similar to the Dolcetto grape in that it tends to produce fruity, deeply colored wines that are mildly tannic and can benefit from bottle aging. Croatina may also be employed as a very minor part of a blend, as is the case with some examples of Amarone.

​Dão Region Red Wine Blends
Dão is one of Portugal's most prominent red wine regions, located just south of the famous Douro Valley. The top Dão wines are now some of the most highly rated in Europe. The finest wines today are deep reds blends made from Tinta Roriz, Touriga Nacional and Touriga Nacional. The Dão, has granite soil that produces wines that are driven by minerality and structure. The best examples firm tannins that allows them to age for 10–15 years or more. 
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​Dornfelder
Dornfelder is one of Germany’s most popular man made red grapes. It was developed in the 1950’s in Württemberg. Dornfelder is very versatile grape that can be made into youthful, fresh, light-bodied, fruit forward red wine or more austere fairly full body profile framed by oak and aged. Highly pigmented with thick black skins, it has intense color and higher acidity. Originally it was used as a key blending grape to amplify color in Germany’s paler red wines, today is often a standalone variety. Flavors of black fruit dominate, along with remarkable floral characteristics, medium to full-bodied, oak-aged versions add warm baking spice flavors. 
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​Fer Servadou
Fer Servadou is an indigenous red wine grape from Southwest France. Aka Braucol in the Gallac region and aka Mansois in Marcillac region. Creates structured, complex wines often used in blends.

Freisa
Freisa is a red Italian red wine grape variety grown in the Piedmont region of north-west Italy, primarily in Monferrato and in the Langhe, but also further north in the provinces of Turin and Biella. Freisa is the wild and more rustic relative of one of the world’s greatest wine grapes, Nebbiolo. This would explain their similarities, from the light ruby hue of their wines, to high tannins and acidity which lend to the wine’s ability to age. It is an ancient variety found in Italy’s northwestern region of Piedmont. Some people believe give Freisa 10-12 years and it’s almost indistinguishable to Nebbiolo. Like Nebbiolo, it is capable of producing a mesmerisingly perfumed wine of great structure, and is almost always a varietal wine.

Gaglioppo
Gaglioppo is a red wine grape that is grown in southern Italy, primarily around Calabria.  Cirò on the southern coast of Calabria is its best known DOC and Gaglioppo is the signature grape variety. It is a late ripening grape varietal that, depending on the altitude and soil type it is planted, is capable of yielding wines of varying personality and styles. But the grape typically produces wine that is full-bodied, high in alcohol and tannins with a need for considerable time in the bottle for it to soften in character. But when made well, it yields seductively perfumed reds relatively light in color but with a lot of ripe fruit distinctive rose-scented nose as well as massively fruity palate.  It is likely that Gaglioppo is a crossing of Sangiovese and another unidentified, grape variety. But it tastes nothing like Sangiovese, however, being generally lower in both acidity and  higher in tannin. In the Savuto D.O.C.  its wines can express the grape's more sensitive side producing a leaner, floral style with plenty of acidity and an earthy character and finish. Gaglioppo is also thought to be same varietal as Marche's Lacrima di Morro, a grape grown in the D.O.P. of Lacrima di Morro d'Alba, with distinct aroma of violets. Gaglioppo is a parent of the Frappato variety; there is a genetic link with the Aleatico variety.

​Gamaret
Gamaret is a Swiss variety of red wine grape. It is a crossing of Gamay and Reichensteiner. Its wine are dark purple wine with aromas of blackberries and spices and has moderate tannins.

  
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​Grignolino
Grignolino is a red grape variety from two appellations in the Northwest region of Piedmonte Italy. In Asti, named Grignolino d”Asti and Monferrato. It produces a wine light in color, very fruity aromas of red berries and fresh alpine herbs, light body,  strong acidity and  assertive tannins. The name derives from the word grignole which means "many pips" in the local Piedmontese dialect of the Asti region. The abundance of pips, or seeds, contribute to the strong, bitter tannins of  the varietal wine. Modern winemaker try to avoid the excess tannins with gentle pressings.

​Gross Verdot
A red grape originally grown in Bordeaux, France. It has all but disappeared from Bordeaux but is still produced in small amounts in Chile, Argentina and in California.
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​Marselan
Marselan is a red wine grape. It is crossing between Grenache and Cabernet Sauvignon. It was bred in 1961 by the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) in Marseillan, France after which the grape is named. The highly regarded grape is now found in small production across the globe from China to Uruguay with its original home firmly in the Languedoc and Provence regions of Southern France. Wines made from Marselan are medium-bodied with fine tannins, good color, and flavors of cherry and cassis.
It is now permitted as a blender in Cotes du Rhone wines. It is also found in China, near Beijing. It is also found in parts of northern Spain, namely Penedes and Catalonia. It was recently accepted as a candidate for use in Bordeaux's wines. Great Food matches for Marselan include; roasted shoulder of lamb with garlic and rosemary, pork and black bean stew and lightly spiced vegetable and lentil stew.

 

Marzemino
Marzemino is an Italian late-ripening, red wine grape grown mainly in Trentino-Alto Adige but also in the Veneto, Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna. Rarely used for varietal wine, but is instead typically blended with the Sangiovese, Barbera and Merlot, notably in the wines of the Capriano del Colle and Botticino DOCs.  It has grassy, herbal elements and sour-cherry flavors but given a sufficiently ripeness can produce refreshing, berry-scented wines.

Mission
Mission is a red grape and produces, a light-colored but deceptively big red wine usually with a disconnect between its light appearance and the hefty weight. It typically has aromas of red cherries, rose petal and often cigar box. On the palate tastes rustic, tarry and thick, with a core flavor of juicy strawberry and blueberry . It was brought to the U.S., via Mexico, from Spain (aka Listán Prieto) in the 1620s. Mission earned its American name from its proliferation at the Franciscan Missions throughout California, where it was mainly used for sacramental wines. Not known for making great wines it’s now somewhat back in fashion in some California wine regions.

Moreto
Moreto is a red Portuguese wine that is planted primarily in the Alentejo region and makes mostly very neutral wines.

Négrette
Négrette is an indigenous red wine grape from Southwest France. It produces aromatic and fruity easy drinking wines and rosés mostly from the Fronton region.

Nero di Troia
Nero di Troia (aka Uva di Troia) is a red Italian grape varity. It is the third most important of Puglia’s native red grapes after Negroamaro and Primitivo. It has its ideal terroir to grow in the province of Foggia and in the northern part of the province of Bari.  The “canosina” variety with smaller berries and looser clusters is probably the older version of the variety, less productive and nowadays less common. However, it is “canosina” which receives more attention from research aimed at producing wines of a higher quality. Nero di Troia wine has a lively color and an elegantly fresh bouquet with typical hints of violets; it is not particularly acidic, but is rich in polyphenols and especially tannins, which may become overpowering if the wine comes from grapes which are not perfectly ripe.

Norton
Norton (aka Cynthiana) is a red skinned hybrid grape variety found throughout the northeast of the United States. Norton wines are deep purple color,  medium- to full-bodied with red fruit  flavors and medium to high acidity levels. It's varietal flavors include black currant, black cherry, plums, chocolate, dill, and some pepper. It's tannin structure ranges from silky smooth to rough. It is more commercially attractive than other native American vines such as Vitis labrusca because it lacks the “foxy” characteristics that many native American grapes add to wine.
It has high levels of resveratrol, a compound found in grapes that is thought to be good for heart health. Many producers utilize malolactic fermentation to soften the harsh malic acids in this wine, and some have even used to carbonic maceration. It’s common to blend it with other red grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon to add and accentuate flavors and structure.
It was originally cultivated by Dr. Daniel Norborne Norton in Richmond, VA in the early 19th century as a cross between Vitis vinifera and the American Vitis aestivalis vine and is the oldest American cultivar used for commercial production. The Norton vine ripens late is resistant to some disease, and is able to withstand colder temperatures than most Vitis vinifera vines.
During prohibition many Norton vineyards were replaced with concord grape plantings and production of the grape stopped. It was not until 1989 when Dennis Horton founded Horton Vineyards in Virginia and planted more Norton vineyards, that the wine became important in the modern wine industry. Norton is now grown predominantly in Virginia, but is also found in Kansas, Missouri and Texas. The largest Norton plantings in the world are located at Chrysalis Vineyards in Middleburg, VA.
Norton wines pair best with heavier, gamier meats, e.g. Venison and smoked meats.

​Pelaverga
Pelaverga (aka Pelaverga Piccolo) is a rare red grape from the hills of Piedmont in Northwestern Italy. It is also known by many other names, including Carola, Cari, Fra Germano and Taddone. Pelaverga has two last declining regions of production in the Verduno Pelaverga and Colline Saluzzesi DOCs of Piedmont's Cuneo province. Here it is used to make pale-colored wines with a distinctive strawberry aroma often common at the fruitier, more fragrant end of the Pinot Noir wine spectrum. These are also often made as sparkling wines and reveal an alternative, rather light-hearted side of Piedmontese wine. Pelaverga pairs well with foods such as Prosciutto and melon, grilled chicken salad with strawberries and balsamic vinegar and beef carpaccio.
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​Pinotage
Pinotage is a red grape that is South Africa's signature variety. It was bred there in 1925 as a cross between Pinot Noir and Cinsaut. It typically produces deep red wines with smoky, bramble and earthy flavors, sometimes with notes of bananas and tropical fruit, but has been criticized for sometimes smelling of burnt rubber. But there are some stellar producers of a varietal wine made from Pinotage in California, e.g. J Wines & Loma Prieta.
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​Portugieser
Blauer Portugieser is a red Austrian, Slovenian and German wine grape found primarily in the Rheinhessen, Pfalz and wine regions of Lower Austria and Slovenia. It is also one of the permitted grapes in the Hungarian wine Egri Bikavér. This fruitful, early-ripening grape yields mild and light wines. Portugieser is the third most planted grape in Germany.
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​Rapsani Red Blends
The Greek Rapsani wine zone is located on the eastern slopes of Mount Olympus, the highest Greek mountain in northern part of the country. Traditionally, the PDO Rapsani dry red blend includes 3 indigenous red grape varieties; Xinomavro, Krassato, Stavroto (Ambelakiotiko) with approximately 1/3 each. Wines which have been aged for 2 years, spending a minimum of 12 months in oak barrels and 6 months in the bottle, are entitled to include the term “Selected” or “Réserve” on their label. If the aging period is 4 years or more, with at least 18 months in oak barrels and 18 months in the bottle, the wines can be indicated as “Specially Selected” or “Grande Réserve”.
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​Refosco
Refosco one of Italy’s most under-celebrated red grapes. It offers rich flavors and freshness  and a relatively low alcohol red.  The name comes from the combination of ‘rasp’ and ‘fosco’ that in the Venetian and Friuli dialects mean respectively grape and dark.  The Refosco wines from Italy's Colli Orientali D.O.C. are often rated at the best examples. Genetically, it’s also the father of the Veneto’s Corvina grape used to make Amarone. This medium weight wine reveals blackberry and black cherry fruit on the nose and palate with fine, firm tannins on a long finish.  The traditional wines produced from this varietal can be quite powerful and high in tannins, with a deep violet color and a slight bitterness on the finish. On the palate, ripe black currants, wild berries and dark plum flavors.  Well-made Refosco wines can age well, and after a period of up to 10 years, and can develop a floral character to the aroma and finish.
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Rondo
Rondo is a dark-skinned  hybrid variety that performs very strongly in cold climates. Rondo was first bred in the former Czechoslovakia in 1964, before it was further developed and cultivated at the Geisenheim Grape Breeding Institute in Germany. As well as its ability to reliably ripen, Rondo is also well regarded because it is highly resistant to diseases and produces good-quality, full-bodied, deep red wines. Mainly grown in Germany (notably the Rheinhessen and Rheingau regions), the variety is also grown in England, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden.
Source:wine-searcher

​Ruché
Ruché is a red Italian grape from the Piedmont region. It is largely used in making Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato , a small production red varietal wine which was granted Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOCG) status by presidential decree on October 22, 1987, and was granted the more prestigious Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita (DOCG) status in 2010. It is a very small production area and one of the lowest production varietal wines in Italy.  It has been grown in the area for at least one hundred years but has only recently been marketed and consumed outside of the immediate vicinity of its production. Ruché di Castagnole Monferrato tends to be medium bodied with notes of pepper and wild berries and floral aromas. The wine is often characterized by moderate acidity and soft tannins. In the Piedmont region it is often paired with slow-cooked beef, northern Italian cheeses and mushrooms.
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​St. Laurent
St. Laurent is a red grape variety which likely originated from in Austria. This small berried vine yields cherry flavored wines that have been compared to a deeper colored, beefier version of Pinot Noir. Its lighter body and notable, yet soft tannins pairs well with richly flavored foods such as roast duck, mushroom risotto and cured meats.
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​Saint Macaire
A rare red grape originally grown on the right bank of the River Garonne, south of Bordeaux and is named for the medieval town of Saint Macaire. It's makes a soft red wine which was very popular especially with the English in the 12th century, who at the time were in control of much of Aquitaine region of France including Bordeaux. It was used in several of the big Bordeaux house’s wines until its demise from the plague. It has since resurfaced in California on Howell Mountain and in Australia where the Westend Winery makes a 100% Saint Macaire wine.
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​Schiava/Trollinger
Trollinger (aka Schiava, aka Vernatsch) is a red German/Italian wine grape that was likely first originally cultivated in the wine regions of Alto Adige and Trentino Italy, but today is mostly cultivated on steep, sunny locations in the Württemberg wine region of Baden-Württemberg Germany. It is primarily known under the synonyms Trollinger in Germany, Vernatsch in South Tyrol and Schiava in other Italian regions. Trollinger grapes have moderate acidity and tend to produce light bodied wines with fruity strawberry and subtle smoky notes.  In Alto Adige it’s a combination of Pinot Noir-elegance and tart Barbera acidity with unique savory qualities. Light in color, deceptively concentrated, and Beaujolais-like, it can be served chilled and goes with anything and everything. You might see it also labeled as Vernatsch or Edel Vernatsch (remember the German influence). The best Schiava-based wines are from the Santa Maddalena DOC where they are blended with a maximum 10% Lagrein.
​Source: Time Gaiser MS
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​Schioppettino
Schioppettino is a red-skinned grape variety native to Friuli-Venezia Giulia region in the far northeastern corner of Italy. Most Schioppettino wines are medium-bodied, deeply-colored, aromatic on the nose (violets and red berries) and spicy to the palate (peppery, earthy). Schioppettino is most often produced as a dry red wine, but can also be made into sparkling spumante versions, a local specialty of Friuli. Outside Italy, Schioppettino is almost entirely unknown. However a tiny patch of Schioppettino vines (less than an acre) is planted in California's Russian River Valley. They belong to the Holdredge Family, who use the grapes most often for blending into other wines, but occasionally to produce varietal Schioppettino wines.

​Sousão/ Souzao/Tinto  Nacional / Vinhão
Sousão aka Souzao aka Tinto Nacional, is a red wine grape that is mostly recognized for its use in the production of port wines but is also used as to make dry table wines. It’s a dark-skinned red wine grape originally from the Iberian Peninsula.  It is also responsible for the production of various red Vinho Verde wines. It hails mostly from the Port region of Portugal and is considered as one of the most sought after wines in that particular region. While originating in the regions of Minho, it's primarily grown in California, Australia, South Africs, Galicia Spain as well as Douro. It is also known as Tinto Nacional, Souson, Tinto Antigo, Negrao, NegraoPe de Perdiz, Espadeiro da Tinta, EspadeiroPreto, EspadeiroBasto, Tinto da Parada, Sousao and Pinta Femea.
The wines produced from this grape are deeply colored and considered to be very coarse and raisiny in taste. But, this grape grows both in white as well as red colors. Its wines have a good level of acidity and the potential for high alcohol level. They are low in tannins and satiny smooth in texture. These wines are commonly paired with the food items such as grilled sardines, chicken in spicy tomato sauce, and steak sandwiches with caramelized onions.
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​Stanushina
Stanushina is a red wine grape of Macedonia. It originates from the Tikves wine district. It almost became extinct. Today, Stanushina finally receives the attention it deserved. Well grown, it creates dark blue colored grapes and can produce high quality red wines. The cluster is of medium size, cylindrical shape and usually without wings. The berry is round and medium-sized, dark blue, with tiny rusty spots, around which the unwaxed rings are formed. It is highly resistant to drought but the grapes require special attention and serious commitment. In a good vintage, it can produce a wine with light average abv of 11 to 12 percent alcohol. The color of the wine made of Stanushina is characteristically pale, but it has a rich extract and high acidity which give the wine freshness. The wine has an intense aromas of strawberry, raspberry, and the red fruity notes are best enjoyed when the wine is consumed young at 45° to 50° F. 

​Terret
​Terret is an ancient Vitis vinifera grape  vine that, mutated over the course of thousands of years into grape varieties of several colors but mostly known for its red variety. It originated and still grows in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France.

Trousseau/Bastardo
Trousseau is a red wine grape originally from Jura, northeastern France, but found in northwestern Spain (aka Merenzao and Verdejo Negro) and various parts of Portugal (aka Bastard). Varietal wines a deep, rich & inky cherry-red color and flavors of dark red berries and other forest fruits and tend to be high in alcohol.
In Portugal, Bastardo is grown in the Douro, and slightly further south in the Dao and Bairrada regions. It is one of the many varieties permitted in the production of Port, although grown in small quantities so as not really to be well known as a main Port grape variety.

​​Valdiguié
Valdiguié is a red wine grape  which makes soft and vibrant  easy drinking fruity wines somewhat much like lighter Pinot Noir. It often has flavors of candied licorice, dried raspberry, and cedar and vanilla spice  with some of black cherry, ripe pomegranate, and tones of nutmeg. It is grown primarily in the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France, where it is generally known by the alias Gros Auxerrois. In California it has been known as Napa Gamay. Until 1980 Napa Gamay was believed to be the Gamay of Beaujolais, but following genetic analysis the name 'Napa Gamay' has been banned from U.S. wine labels since January 1999. Confusingly, both the Pinot noir clone Gamay Beaujolais and 'Napa Gamay' could be labelled 'Gamay Beaujolais', a name banned on labels fr

​Vespolina
Vespolina is a rare Italian red wine grape grown in the Piedmonte and Lombardy region. It has Nebbiolo's spicy characteristics, although its tannins tend to be softer. As a result, Vespolina is used to help mellow youthful Nebbiolo-based wines and lift the blend's aromatics with hints of wild flowers, mushrooms and green tea leaves. 

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​Vranac
Vranac /Vranec is a Balkan red variety grape.  The word Vranec means strong, black and powerful horse (black stallion). Its wines are also known also as “black wine” in Macedonia. It has been grown for a long time in Montenegro, and it also can be found in Dalmacija, Herzegovina. In Macedonia it’s the most important and leading variety for red wine production. Its wines are recognized by its intensive color and a high content of anthocyanin. The grape is suitable for blending Merlot, Cabernet Sauvignon and Syrah. It is also known as Gradesh and Black Stanushina. Young wines have a lighter purple color, with an aroma of strawberry jam and wild berries and firm tannins structure with potential to ripen in oak barrels. When the oak aged it provides complex aromas of dry fruit and cocoa. This wine has complex aromas of wild berries, rich tannins,  and chocolate. The unique growing conditions on the Vardar River Valley region, give an opportunity for full expression of the variety. Vranec wines pair well with red meat, game, barbeque and smoked meats.
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​Zweigelt
Zweigelt is a red wine grape variety which was developed in Austria. It was a cross between St. Laurent and Blaufränkisch grapes. It is now the most widely grown in Austria with some plantings in Washington State, Canada, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Zweigelt wines have an exotic spice and floral character, predominantly aromas of cinnamon and violets, that made them distinctive. The variety brings slightly violet-reddish coloured wines with soft tannins. Mature, full-bodied and long-living wines deliver tones of Morello cherry. High-quality wines are produced both in stainless steel as well as in barrique. Zweigelt is also known as Rotburger, Zweigeltrebe, and Blauer.




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